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A lot of experiments have been carried out in Saudi Arabia concerning the misuse of antibiotics and buying themwithout being prescribed by a doctor. However, despite all these studies, a few or none of them have appraisedthe parental awareness, practices and attitude toward the use of antibiotics in the treatment of URTIs in theirchildren. As such, the objective of this experiment was to document and analyze the parental levels of knowledge,attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the use for upper respiratory tract infections in children. This is a crosssectional study that was conducted across 8 cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Taif, Makkah, Dammam, Al Ahsa, Albahaand Asir Saudi Arabia from 01/09/2019 to 26/09/2019, according to which a total of 714 parents took part in thestudy. Convenience sampling was the method that was used to select the participants of the experiment. Thefindings of the current research were found to be the same as those of the studies that were conducted before inPalestine. The researcher found out that the parents in Saudi Arabia lack adequate knowledge regarding the useof antibiotics in the treatment of URTIs and this led to their wrong practices and attitudes toward the same.Despite all these, the study established a relationship of trust between the subjects and the doctors, meaning thatthere is a trust in the information and recommendations that the doctors give them concerning the medications.
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Objective: This study is aimed at investigating the knowledge, practice and attitude of the patients with type-2diabetes mellitus regarding diabetic retinopathy in Saudi Arabia. Introduction: Diabetes self-management isdefined as a crucial factor in patients’ care. Many studies show that the lack of sufficient knowledge, goodpractice, and positive attitude among the patients concerning their disease and its complications is due toilliteracy. Therefore, presenting knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards the management of diabetes shouldbe done before considering any possible intervention. The materials and methods section explains the datacollection and analysis along with their limitations. In the results part, the data collected from each section areexplained and summarized in tables. In the discussion section, the results are explained and then related to theprevious studies. Then the conclusion sums up all the results found and subsequently recommends the best wayfor the future researchers to improve the results of the research.
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Background: Postoperative adhesions which are defined as the abdominal fibrous connections that developbetween the organs and the peritoneum as a result of surgical trauma are a significant clinical problem. Studiesare yet to understand the mechanisms of adhesions; however, most studies have reported that they involvedisruption of the mesothelial surface with subsequent signaling processes of inflammation and fibrinocoagulation.Methods:124 surgeons from 57 hospitals in Riyadh, Jeddah, Taif, Makkah, Dammam, Al Ahsa, Albaha, and AirSaudi Arabia were recruited from 04/09/2019 till 24/09/2019 by convenient sampling method. A questionnairefrom a previous study “Adhesion Awareness: A National Survey of Surgeons” was adapted and sent to thesurgeons to understand their perspectives on post-operative adhesions. The use of antiadhesives, the role ofadhesiolysis, and electrocautery were also assessed. Results: All the respondents (n=124) responded to thequestions giving a response rate of 100%, which was highly commendable for the validity of the study. Acumulative 79.8% (CI, 95) of the sample agreed that adhesions are of clinical interests. And, 36.7% of therespondents expressed a positive attitude towards adhesion prevention; while, 26.7% of the sample were not insupport of adhesion prevention. 49.2% disagreed with the notion that they experience a lack of clarity about whento use anti-adhesives; while, 29.9% agreed that they experience a lack of clarity on when to use ant-adhesives.Conclusion: While surgeons are increasingly becoming aware of the effects of postoperative adhesions, moreawareness needs to be conducted.
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Purpose: Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the fatal causes of permanent and irreversible blindnessinfection that is prevalent making individuals suffer from diabetic conditions; however, annual medicalexamination is a critical interventional approach that not only limits the extent of infection but aids in timelyformulation of relevant mitigation strategies and control of DR. Common to other healthcare systems inadvance economies, the primary care physicians (PCP) are the immediate providers of primary care fordiabetes across the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The aim of the present research paper is to assess thecurrent awareness, practices, and knowledge of PCP on DR. Method: The present research adopted a crosssectional design that covered three cities in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire with threedifferent parts was submitted to physicians in the healthcare facilities across the three cities. In addition, theresearch adopted a convenience sampling method during which the designated regions were selected due toconvenience in proximity as well as accessibility. Results: The research paper considered a sample size of710 participants. An in-depth and compressive analysis of the results elucidated underlying defects as well asshortfalls on the physicians’ awareness, knowledge, and practices on DR. The results demonstrated defects inscreening methods as well as referral procedures among physicians. Conclusion: Overall, the extent ofknowledge, practices, and awareness among the PCP in the three cities were satisfactory. Hence, it is highlyrecommended that future awareness campaigns should focus on timely and detailed screening approaches inorder to manage diabetic conditions among patients.
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Background: Osteoporosis refers to a disorder of the skeletal tissues that affect the density and quality of thebone. In most communities, the disorder is known to affect up to half of the population of women aged above 50years, while affecting up to 205 of men of the similar age. Various research studies have however revealed thatthe majority of people are usually not aware of this condition. Normally, fractures resulting from osteoporosiscan lead to disability, premature mortality or poor quality of life.This study therefore aims to assess the knowledgeand awareness among adult residents of Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding osteoporosis and itsrisk factors. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, data was collected among adult residents in Riyadh inSaudi Arabia. It used stratified random sampling method for the selection of the study population. For the datacollection, the study used a pre-coded self-administered questionnaire. It used SPSS software version 20 in datamanagement and analysis. Results: 385 completed the survey through the questionnaires, 41.8% were females,and 58.2% were males. From the chi-square analysis, we failed to reject the null hypothesis that there is noassociation between gender and awareness of risk factors associated with osteoporosis. Conclusion: Althoughvarious research studies have asserted that awareness of risk factors associated with osteoporosis is mostworrisome compared to other elements such as attitude and preventive measures, this study deduces thatawareness does not depend on gender or age. Instead, it agrees with assertions from other studies, which indicatethat awareness is positively correlated with levels of education.
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Autism is a known developmental disorder that is prevalent across the world. Saudi Arabia has largely beendisadvantaged with respect to evidence-based research on autism. The presence of limited research and studieson autism in Saudi Arabia has an impact on how pediatricians undertake their treatment interventions on childrenwith autism. This study assesses the awareness levels of Saudi pediatricians with regards to knowledge andattitudes towards autism among children. The degree of knowledge and attitudes displayed by the respondentshave a direct correlation with the level of care and treatment for autism. This study is thus a baseline case whichcan be used to inform future treatment interventions for autism. The study showed that male children were morelikely to be in the risk of being affected by autism which according to the analysis obtained from the chi squaregender was not a significance of likeliness of a child being affected by autism. Correlation was used to determinethe strength of the relationship between lack of eye contact as a result of autism causing communication disorder,a correlation of -0.132 which implied a weak negative relationship between the two variables. From the chisquare, a p value of 0.808 was obtained which indicated that there was insufficient statistical significance to theclaim that there was a difference between gender and long-life condition of autism.
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Background: Without corrective action, patients suffering from hypothyroidism may exhibit increased risk ofcardiovascular diseases, dysrhythmias and fractures, and are also at risk of adverse effects on bone mass, lipidmetabolism, blood pressure, and a declined cognitive function. Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional survey toassess the knowledge, attitude, and practices in patients with hypothyroidism in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Participants for the study were recruited from 04/08/2019 till 24/09/2019 through convenience sampling method.For an individual to participate in the study, they were required to be 18 years of age and diagnosed withhypothyroidism, a Saudi citizen and a resident of Riyadh. The participants were assessed on a number ofindicators; demographics, questions on knowledge domain, questions on attitude domain, and questions onpractice domain. In our construct, the knowledge section consisted of 20 factual statements to assess variousindicators of hypothyroidism, including the symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Results: 55% of therespondents were female and 45% were male. The study indicates that hypothyroidism occurs at a higherprevalence in females in the 45+ age category, which is consistent with previous literature. Equally, 24% of therespondents strongly disagree that women are at a greater risk of developing hypothyroidism and should be testedat regular intervals for hypothyroidism; while, 19% of the respondents agree that women are at a greater risk ofdeveloping hypothyroidism and should be tested at regular intervals for hypothyroidism. The findings indicate aworrying lack of knowledge about hypothyroidism among residents of Riyadh. Conclusion: There is a need forgreater public education and awareness in Saudi Arabia to improve the level of knowledge about hypothyroidism.
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Background: Late detection of permanent congenital and early and onset-hearing loss (PCEHL) severely affectslinguistic, cognitive, and educational development in children. Routine newborn hearing screening (NHS) hasprovided opportunities for children under the DHH category to be identified shortly after birth. Pediatricianshave the biggest role in undertaking the assessment and physical interventions on hearing among newborns.Methods: For this study, the participants who took part in the survey were Saudi pediatricians. The study designwas based on a cross-sectional approach where convenience sampling was adopted as a technique for datacollection. Questionnaires were used as the only tool for data collection. Results: From the study, the majority ofrespondents were male, registering up to 57.9%. From the survey, documenting the state of the NHS program inSaudi Arabia, it turns out that it is important to have a typical screening protocol, regarding the working nationalpolicy. Up to 47.7% of the respondents replied that hearing screening instigates parental concern and anxiety,contradicting other studies that assert the opposite. The respondents, however, articulated concerns aboutrequiring additional information on some of the particular details that are related to NHS. However, majority ofthem (44.4%) were confident in explaining the process to the parents of the newborns. Conclusion: The study canbe seen to shed light on the attitudes, existing knowledge, and practice levels amongst pediatricians in SaudiArabia. It shows that any NHS program is considered profitable if timely and appropriate referrals can be madeto ensure follow-ups.
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Gastrointestinal Esophagus Ailment is a chronic disease that usually results in complications. GERD symptomsinclude chest pain, acid regurgitation, heartburn, nausea, chronic cough, asthma, and hoarseness. A considerablenumber of research studies have shown that old age, obesity, drug and substance abuse are significant factorsthat exacerbate the present condition. The findings from the present research study illustrate that the conditionhas a major impact on psychological problems. Precisely, the consequences of the condition appeared to vary indifferent age groups. In particular, this difference was determined with chi-square while taking into considerationthe existing variables. Furthermore, the results ascertained that some variations were registered in terms ofseveral factors that differ significantly across gender. Eating pattern between males and females also emerged asa major factor in the research study. The difference is also evident in the age group category as the age group18-25 shares different sentiments in various aspects.